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Monday, August 11, 2014

How current science and cartoons view time

image: meme about gravity
Meme with Wile E. Coyote found at Man vs Brain
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Are space and time (aka spacetime) a continuum?  Einstein thought so, Petr Hořava, a physicist at the University of California, Berkeley, does not.  Quoting from the article, Splitting Time from Space, in Scientific American:
Physicists have struggled to marry quantum mechanics with gravity for decades. In contrast, the other forces of nature have obediently fallen into line. For instance, the electromagnetic force can be described quantum-mechanically by the motion of photons. Try and work out the gravitational force between two objects in terms of a quantum graviton, however, and you quickly run into trouble—the answer to every calculation is infinity. But now Petr Hořava, a physicist at the University of California, Berkeley, thinks he understands the problem. It’s all, he says, a matter of time.
More specifically, the problem is the way that time is tied up with space in Einstein’s theory of gravity: general relativity. Einstein famously overturned the Newtonian notion that time is absolute—steadily ticking away in the background. Instead he argued that time is another dimension, woven together with space to form a malleable fabric that is distorted by matter. The snag is that in quantum mechanics, time retains its Newtonian aloofness, providing the stage against which matter dances but never being affected by its presence. These two conceptions of time don’t gel.
Evidence for Hořava's theory is offered in this followup.

So why are we including gravity in a discussion of spacetime?  This article at Einstein Online explains Einstein's geometric gravity.

NASA has confirmed Einstein's theory by means of its Gravity Probe B. You can download the results of NASA's report cites at Physical Review Letters; click on the Download Accepted Manuscript link.

What do you think: is time a continuum or discrete?

-- Marge


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